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Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networking:

A type of network where computers communicate directly with each other, rather than through a central server. Often referred to simply as peer-to-peer, or abbreviated P2P, a type of network in which each workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities in contrast to client/server architectures, in which some computers are dedicated to serving the other computers. A “network” is a group of two or more computer systems linked together by various methods. In recent usage, peer-to-peer has come to describe applications in which users can use the Internet to exchange files with each other directly or through a mediating server.

Perform:

To recite, render, play, dance, or act it directly or by means of any device or process or, in the case of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, to show its images in any sequence or to make the sounds accompanying it audible.

Performance:

The law holds open the right to recite, render, play, dance, or act a copyrighted work. This is open to all types of copyrighted works except for pictorial and sculptural works and sound recordings.

Performing Art Works:

Copyright registration is available for musical work, dramatic work, script, pantomime, choreography, motion picture, or other audiovisual work.

Performing Rights Society:

An association, Corporation, or other entity that licenses the public performance of non-dramatic musical works on behalf of copyright owners of such works, such as the American Society of Composers (ASCAP), Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), and SESAC, Inc.

Phonorecords:

Material objects in which sounds, other than those accompanying a motion picture or other audiovisual work, are fixed by any method now known or later developed, and from which the sounds can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. The term “phonorecords” includes the material object in which the sounds are first fixed.

Pictorial, Graphic and Sculptural Works:

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional works of fine, graphic, and applied art, photographs, prints, reproductions, maps, globes, charts, diagrams, models and technical drawings, including architectural plans. Such work shall include works of artistic craftsmanship in so far as their form but not their mechanical or utilitarian aspects are concerned; the design of a useful article shall be considered a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work only if, and only to the extent that, such design incorporates pictorial, graphic, or sculptural features that can be identified separately from, and are capable existing independently of, utilitarian aspects of the article.

Proprietor:

An individual, corporation, partnership, or other entity, as the case may be, that owns an establishment or a foodservice or drinking establishment, except that no owner or operator of a radio or television station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission, cable system or satellite carrier, cable or satellite carrier service or programmer, provider of online services or network access or the operator of facilities therefore, telecommunications company, or any other such audio or audiovisual service or programmer now known or as may be developed in the future, commercial subscription music service, or owner or operator of any other transmission service, shall be under any circumstance be deemed to be a proprietor.

Pseudonymous Work:

A work on the copies or phonorecords of which the author is identified under a fictitious name.

Publication:

According to the statute, “Publication is the distribution of copies or phonorecords of a work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending. The offering to distribute copies or phonorecords to a group of persons for purposes of further distribution, public performance, or public display constitutes publication. A public performance or display of a work does not of itself constitute publication.” Generally, publication occurs on the date on which copies of the work are first made available to the public.

Public Domain:

The public domain is not a place. A work of authorship is in the “public domain” if it is no longer under copyright protection or if it failed to meet the requirements for copyright protection. Works in the public domain may be used freely without the permission of the former copyright owner.

Published Works:

Works published with the consent of their authors, whatever may be the means of manufacture of the copies, provided that the availability of such copies has been such as to satisfy the reasonable requirements of the public, having regard to the nature of the work. The performance of a dramatic, dramatico-musical, cinematographic or musical work, the public recitation of a literary work, the communication by wire or the broadcasting of literary or artistic works, the exhibition of a work of art and the construction of a work of architecture shall not constitute publication.

PUBNET:

The Electronic Commerce division of AAP provides electronic data interchange service (EDI) to over 90 publishers representing hundreds of subsidiaries and imprints. Over 3,700 bookstores, libraries, wholesalers, and schools are now buying books electronically through PUBNET®, making it the largest EDI trading community of booksellers and publishers in the world. PUBNET® also maintains a high-quality title database of over 340,000 titles from PUBNET® publishers. This database, specifically designed for the higher education market, is linked to the ordering system to facilitate the fulfillment process and can also be accessed separately as a product information source.